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Research Article | Open Access

Published on: 15 May 2026

Article ID: wjbtbe.2026.e1502

The Hydrozoic Theory
Wolfgang Lederer* 1

The properties of water and the emergence of life are interconnected phenomena. According to the hydrozoic theory of conscious perception, primordial forms of memory and awareness emerged during the early stages of biophysical evolution. The theory is based on the idea that membranes composed of phospholipid bilayer membranes and adhesive water molecules exhibit liquid crystalline properties, combining directional dependence with the mobility of the fluid mosaic model. These magnetic fields…

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Review Article | Open Access

Published on: 27 Mar 2026

Article ID: wjbtbe.2026.c2704

Hydrogels: Recent Advances
Mahmood A 1 Mansoor HB 1 Hafeez G 1 Anwar MA* 1 Jan SA* 1

Hydrogels represent a class of highly versatile, three-dimensional polymer networks renowned for their exceptional water absorption capacity, biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties. This review comprehensively examines the diverse landscape of hydrogels, delineating the fundamental characteristics and applications of synthetic, natural, and advanced hybrid systems. It highlights the superior mechanical strength of synthetic hydrogels and the enhanced biocompatibility of…

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