Background: Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by short stature, distinctive facial features, congenital heart defects, and variable developmental delays. While pulmonary valve stenosis is the most common cardiac lesion, Tetralogy of Fallot is rarely reported in Noonan syndrome. To date, there are fewer than 60 documented cases of Noonan syndrome associated with Tetralogy of Fallot in the medical…

Partial Androgen Deficiency in Aging Men (PADAM), also known as andropause, male climate, or late-onset hypogonadism, has been recognized since the 1950s. This article reviews the history, diagnosis, and treatment of PADAM syndrome, with a focus on recent therapeutic approaches, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) therapy.

Keywords: PADAM Syndrome; Treatment

Silymarin, a flavonolignan complex derived from Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has been extensively studied for its hepatoprotective properties since the 1960s. Early European research laid the foundation for its therapeutic application in liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver injury induced by toxins. Subsequent clinical studies and meta analyses have provided robust evidence of its efficacy in improving liver enzyme levels, mitigating oxidative…

Background: Clinical genetics has advanced significantly due to the contributions of pioneering physicians, particularly in developed countries. However, less is known about the key figures shaping the field in the developing world.

Materials and Methods: This study aims to identify and evaluate the impact of clinical geneticists from 174 developing countries using bibliometric analysis. Over 1,000 Google Scholar Citation profiles were analyzed…

Background: Autism disorder is a complex, lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and includes various subtypes such as Asperger syndrome, Kanner syndrome, typical and atypical autism. Traditional treatments have focused on symptom management, though a definitive cure has remained elusive. Recently, however, cases have been reported where patients…

Background: Turinabol (4-chlorotestosterone acetate), a synthetic anabolic steroid developed in the 1950s, has been studied for its potential therapeutic benefits in a range of medical conditions. These include muscle wasting, osteoporosis, liver diseases, and post-surgical recovery. Turinabol has a unique anabolic profile with reduced androgenic side effects compared to other anabolic steroids.

Objective: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive…

Background: Fragile X syndrome is one of the most common inherited causes of mental retardation and a leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder. Despite its well-established genetic basis, diagnosis in many low-and middle-income countries remains limited due to restricted access to molecular testing. Historically, the condition was first described by James Purdon Martin and Julia Bell in 1943, with subsequent cytogenetic characterization by Herbert Lubs. Later…

Background: The H-index is a widely used metric to assess the academic productivity and citation impact of researchers. It has become particularly important in academic medicine, where physicians' research output is integral to their career progression. International organizations have a compelling need to identify world-class expert academic physicians who operate at a level above that of a typical full professor on a global scale.

This paper explores the…

Diosmin, a flavonoid compound has been extensively studied for its therapeutic potential in managing vascular conditions such as hemorrhoids and chronic venous insufficiency. This paper reviews the historical development and clinical evidence supporting the use of diosmin in both conservative and non-surgical treatments of these conditions. Diosmin’s phlebotonic and anti inflammatory properties contribute to symptom relief by enhancing venous tone, reducing edema, and alleviating…

This study examined the social participation and activity preferences of school-aged children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC). A quantitative comparative-correlational cross-sectional design was utilized involving 55 children aged 6–12 years receiving occupational therapy services in Metro Manila, Philippines.…