Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, chronic, multisystem disorder characterized by persistent fatigue, post-exertional malaise, autonomic dysfunction, neuromuscular impairment, and cognitive disturbances. Standard rehabilitation approaches are often poorly tolerated due to symptom exacerbation, highlighting the need for safe, individualized, low-load interventions. Clinical Pilates (CP), emphasizing controlled movement, core stabilization, alignment, and…

Background: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) rehabilitation literature lacks comprehensive neuromuscular analysis explaining motor control mechanisms underlying elastic resistance training effectiveness. Current evidence emphasizes range of motion and pain outcomes without addressing rotator cuff and scapular stabilizer activation patterns or co-contraction dynamics essential to shoulder stability.

Objective: This randomized…

Background: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is prevalent in overhead athletes, particularly volleyball players, contributing to shoulder pain and functional limitation during throwing activities. Theraband-based throwing exercises have demonstrated potential for rotator cuff retraining, yet their efficacy in symptomatic athletes requires rigorous evaluation.

Objectives: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of…

Background: Respiratory complications are increasingly recognized as significant comorbidities in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, yet their prevalence and clinical characteristics remain inadequately documented in the Indian population.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, types, and severity of respiratory complications in CKD patients across different disease stages and to identify the association between kidney…

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth induce profound physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that frequently result in musculoskeletal discomfort, reduced physical fitness, and pelvic floor dysfunction. Evidence suggests that approximately 50-70% of pregnant women experience pregnancy-related musculoskeletal disorders, with lower back pain being the most prevalent. Antenatal and postnatal physiotherapy has emerged as a scientifically supported, cost-effective…

Two cases had blunt scrotal trauma that led to large hematocele and Ultrasound confirmed that tunica vaginalis was intact. Both patients were offered conservative treatment, which included bed rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and antibiotics. One patient reported significant comorbidities and had surgery at a private hospital and the other one tolerated conservative treatment but experienced a significant disability and was away from work for six weeks. We suggest that patients be…

Recurrent miscarriages are a rare occurrence in routine medical practice (1-3% of pregnancies) and represent a significant diagnostic challenge.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid disorder during pregnancy (3-5% of pregnant women) and can be responsible for several obstetric complications such as miscarriage, preterm birth, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and increased perinatal mortality. SCH remains an exceptional and still controversial cause…

Objectives: To synthesise current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches in osteoporosis, with emphasis on recent advances in risk stratification, imaging, and pharmacological management such as anabolic therapies, vitamin D analogues such as alfacalcidol, and emerging agents.

Design: Narrative review of contemporary literature, including recent clinical reviews and…

Bone fractures represent a major global health concern and are most commonly attributed to trauma, osteoporosis, metabolic disorders, or age-related degeneration. The majority of fractures heal through well-characterized biological processes, and preventive strategies typically emphasize enhancing bone strength, improving balance, and ensuring environmental safety. However, a subset of individuals experiences frequent and recurrent fractures over extended periods despite adequate nutrition…

A 52‑year‑old woman developed a febrile diarrhoeal illness during a pilgrimage in India, requiring intravenous ceftriaxone. She later experienced persistent dry cough and mediastinal lymphadenitis. Two months after returning to the UK, she developed sudden severe thoracic pain with systemic symptoms. Early investigations and non‑contrast MRI were non‑diagnostic. A focused contrast‑enhanced MRI revealed destructive T8–T9 discitis. CT‑guided biopsy confirmed Salmonella typhi. This case…