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ARTICLE TYPE : RESEARCH ARTICLE

Published on :   08 Aug 2026, Volume - 2
Journal Title :   WebLog Journal of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease | WebLog J Alzheimers Parkinsons Dis | WJAPD
Source URL:   weblog icon https://weblogoa.com/articles/wjapd.2026.h0806
Permanent Identifier (DOI) :   doi icon https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21860135

An Investigation of the Association Between Periodontal Disease and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Retrospective, Population-Based, Matched Cohort Study in Greek Adults

Nikolaos Andreas Chrysanthakopoulos 1,2,3 *
Eleftheria Vryzaki 4
Vassiliki Vazintari 5
1Dental Surgeon (DDSc), Oncologist (MSc), Specialized in Clinical Oncology, Cytology and Histopathology, Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
2Resident in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
3Ph. D in Oncology (Cand), Registrar in Dentistry, NHS of Greece, Greece
4MD, Ph. D, Department of Dermatology, Rio University Hospital of Patras, Greece
5MD, Registrar in Pathology, Ilioupoli Health Centre - NHS of Greece, Athens, Greece

Abstract

Background/Aim: Previous studies have reported biological associations between periodontal disease and several malignancies, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and several types of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between periodontal disease indices and the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Materials and Methods: In the current case-control study, 41 patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and 123 matched healthy controls were recruited from one dental and two medical private practices. Participants completed a standardized health questionnaire and underwent an oral clinical examination. Periodontal status was evaluated using Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Gingival Index (GI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: Male gender (p=0.060, OR=1.688), traumatic brain injury (p=0.07, OR= 2.912), increased Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) (p=0.060, OR = 1.473), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) (p=0.009, OR = 3.034) were significantly associated with an elevated risk of Alzheimer’s Disease, after adjustment for smoking status, educational level, and socio-economic status.

Conclusions: Male gender, a traumatic brain injury history, deeper periodontal pockets, and bleeding on probing were positively associated with the risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease.

Keywords: Periodontal Disease; Alzheimer’s Disease; Risk Factors; Adults

Citation

Chrysanthakopoulos NA, Vryzaki E, Vazintari V. An Investigation of the Association Between Periodontal Disease and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Retrospective, Population Based, Matched Cohort Study in Greek Adults. WebLog J Alzheimers Parkinsons Dis. wjapd.2026.h0806. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21860135
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