Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies: Advances in Capture Methods, Transportation, Geological Storage, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important technology for reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from energy generation and industrial processes, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. This review examines conventional and emerging CCS technologies, their operating principles, performance evaluation, applications, limitations, and contributions to global decarbonization. Conventional capture approaches, including pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion, are discussed alongside emerging technologies such as cryogenic separation, chemical looping, direct air capture (DAC), graphene-based membranes, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Other carbon removal approaches, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), biochar, and enhanced rock weathering, are also considered. CO₂ transportation by pipeline and ship is reviewed in terms of infrastructure requirements, material compatibility, safety, and economic feasibility. Geological storage options, including deep saline formations, depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, and suitable basalt formations, are examined with respect to trapping mechanisms, monitoring, containment, and long-term stability. Industrial case studies, including Sleipner, Gorgon, and Boundary Dam, provide insights into practical experience and operational challenges. The review also evaluates economic, environmental, and regulatory barriers to CCS deployment, including capital costs, energy penalties, public acceptance, and lifecycle emissions. Future progress will require affordable and durable capture materials, effective integration with industrial processes, reliable transportation and storage infrastructure, appropriate regulatory frameworks, and supportive financial incentives. Overall, CCS can contribute significantly to industrial decarbonization when implemented alongside other emissions-reduction strategies and supported by robust environmental assessments, effective monitoring, and long-term infrastructure planning.

Keywords: Carbon Capture and Storage; CO₂ Capture Technologies; Geological Storage; Direct Air Capture; Advanced Separation Materials; Techno-Economic Assessment; Lifecycle Assessment; Industrial Decarbonization

Citation

Rockson-Itiveh DE, Ifeatu EV, Iheanyichi MC, Usen IU, Okpo SO, Keke M, et al. Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies: Advances in Capture Methods, Transportation, Geological Storage, and Future Prospects. WebLog J Environ Sci. wjets.2026.k0901. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24108302