Silymarin in Hepatology: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective on its Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

Silymarin, a flavonolignan complex derived from Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has been extensively studied for its hepatoprotective properties since the 1960s. Early European research laid the foundation for its therapeutic application in liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver injury induced by toxins. Subsequent clinical studies and meta analyses have provided robust evidence of its efficacy in improving liver enzyme levels, mitigating oxidative stress, and enhancing survival in patients with liver disorders. Notably, recent research highlights its potential in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury, and iron overload conditions such as β-thalassemia. Silymarin’s mechanisms of action, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and iron-chelating effects, contribute to its diverse pharmacological benefits.

This review chronicles the historical progression of silymarin research and its expanding applications in hepatology, underscoring its safety profile and therapeutic promise for liver disease management.

Keywords: Silymarin; Hepatology

Citation

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi. Silymarin in Hepatology: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective on its Therapeutic Potential. WebLog J Gastroenterol. wjg.2026.f2603. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21309483