Clinico-Hematological Profile of Megaloblastic Anemia at a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Megaloblastic anemia (MA) remains a prevalent yet underdiagnosed nutritional disorder in India, particularly among vegetarian populations. Despite its treatability, patients often present late with multisystem involvement.

Objective: To describe the clinico-pathologic profile of megaloblastic anemia at a tertiary care center in North India.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 80 patients with confirmed megaloblastic anemia over 18 months. Diagnosis was established on the basis of peripheral smear findings, bone marrow examination, and serum vitamin B12 and folate assays. Clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters were recorded and analyzed.

Results: The majority of patients were in the 20-40 year age group, with a slight male preponderance. Pallor (100%), weakness (96.3%), and glossitis (68.8%) were the most frequent findings. Jaundice was observed in 28.7% of patients. Pancytopenia was present in 44% of cases. Vitamin B12 deficiency was the predominant etiology (72.5%), followed by combined B12 and folate deficiency (18.7%). Most patients were vegetarians (70%).

Conclusion: Megaloblastic anemia predominantly affects young adults on vegetarian diets in North India. Jaundice, though often overlooked, occurs in a clinically significant proportion and should prompt consideration of this diagnosis. Early recognition and supplementation are essential to prevent irreversible complications.

Keywords: Megaloblastic Anemia; Vitamin B12 Deficiency; Folate Deficiency; Jaundice; Pancytopenia; Bone Marrow

Citation

Rahul Garg. Clinico-Hematological Profile of Megaloblastic Anemia at a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A Cross-Sectional Study. WebLog J Hematol. wjh.2026.h0506. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21852543