📢 Publish Your Research for Free - Full APC Waiver, No Hidden Charges. Submit Your Article Today! Submit Now →
JImage

ARTICLE TYPE : RESEARCH ARTICLE

Published on :   16 Oct 2026, Volume - 2
Journal Title :   WebLog Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biology | WebLog J Mol Cell Biol | WJMCB
Source URL:   weblog icon https://weblogoa.com/articles/wjmcb.2026.j1602
Permanent Identifier (DOI) :   doi icon https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23565397

Genetic Diversity of N-Acetyl-Transferase II (NAT2) and Cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) Polymorphisms in HIV/AIDS Seropositive Patients on Side Effects Due to Cotrimoxazole at the ALNADJAMA Multipurpose Center in N'Djamena, Chad

Moudiné Ouadjonré François 1,2 *
Calvino Fomboh Tah 2,3
Asbagui Faysala Oscar 1
Nadioroum Ngam-Asra 1
Abderazzack Adoum Fouda 1
Brahim Boy Otchom 1
Wilfred Fon Mbacham 2,3
Baba Lamine Moussa 4
Jeanne Ngongang 5
1Université de Ndjamena, Ecole Doctorale-Sciences Techniques et Environnement (ED-STE), Formation Doctorale, Biologie et Santé Humaine (FD-BSH), Faculté de Sciences de la Santé Humaine, Chad
2Laboratoire de Recherche en Biotechnologie et Santé Publique, Centre de Biotechnologie de l’Université de Yaoundé I (LAPHER-Biotech, CBT), Cameroon
3Fobang Institutes for Innovations in Science and Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
4University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
5Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon

Abstract

Introduction: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, an inexpensive and common intervention in developed countries, faces a lack of clear guidelines in resource-limited countries. The enzymes N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) influence Cotrimoxazole metabolism and side effects. This study explores the relationship between NAT2 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms and Cotrimoxazole side effects in HIV-positive patients in N'Djamena.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 160 patients after consent, and DNA was extracted. NAT2 polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP with the enzymes BamHI, KpnI, and Taqα-1, while for CYP2C9, the enzyme BstNI was used.

Results: Of the 160 patients, 120 were taking Cotrimoxazole, with 49.07% (58/120) reporting side effects. Eight NAT2 genotypes were identified, with NAT2*4/6 predominating (25.9% of cases with side effects). Slow acetylators accounted for 44.8%. A significant association was observed between the NAT2*4/6 genotype and side effects (Odds ratio 1.030, p-value 0.053). CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 variants were uncommon (<4%). Most patients had wild-type or heterozygous phenotypes.

Conclusion: Cotrimoxazole side effects in HIV-positive patients are mainly associated with NAT2 polymorphism, in particular the NAT2*4/6 genotype. CYP2C9 variants do not appear to be significantly associated with adverse effects. These results underline the importance of continuing pharmacogenetic research to better identify predictive markers and improve prophylaxis in HIV positive patients. A multi-genetic approach and clinical risk stratification are recommended.

Keywords: Ndjamena; Side Effects; Cotrimoxazole; N-acetyltransferase II; HIV; Acetylator; Chad; Cotrimoxazole; CYP2C9; HIV; Metaboliser

Citation

François MO, Tah CF, Oscar AF, Ngam-Asra N, Fouda AA, Otchom BB, et al. Genetic Diversity of N-Acetyl Transferase II (NAT2) and Cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) Polymorphisms in HIV/ AIDS Seropositive Patients on Side Effects Due to Cotrimoxazole at the ALNADJAMA Multipurpose Center in N'Djamena, Chad. WebLog J Mol Cell Biol. wjmcb.2026.j1602. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23565397
Read Full Article