ARTICLE TYPE : REVIEW ARTICLE
Published on : 15 Oct 2026,
Volume - 2
Journal Title :
WebLog Journal of Thyroid Research
| WebLog J Thyroid Res
| WJTR
Source URL:
https://weblogoa.com/articles/wjtr.2026.j1502
Permanent Identifier (DOI) :
Pediatric Surgical Thyroid Disorders: Comprehensive Review of Congenital, Benign, and Malignant Thyroid Disease with Contemporary Advances in Molecular Diagnostics, Precision Surgery, and Survivorship
2Department of Pediatric Surgery, Southampton General Hospital, United Kingdom
3Rajkot Cancer Hospital, Rajkot, India
4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
5Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
6Lincoln University College, 2, Jalan Stadium, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
7J. Watumull Global Hospital & Research Centre, Delwara Road, Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India
8Director-Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Child Health and Research and KT Children Government University Teaching Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Abstract
Background: Thyroid disorders requiring surgical intervention are uncommon in children but represent a unique spectrum of diseases characterized by higher malignancy rates, distinct molecular profiles, and specific perioperative considerations compared with adults.
Objective: To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, surgical indications, operative management, complications, and outcomes of pediatric thyroid disorders.
Methods: Narrative review of contemporary literature, international guidelines, and recent studies addressing pediatric thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism, congenital thyroid abnormalities, and thyroidectomy outcomes.
Results: Although thyroid nodules are relatively rare in children, their risk of malignancy is substantially higher than in adults. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma, remains the most common pediatric thyroid malignancy. Advances in ultrasonography, molecular diagnostics, risk stratification, and surgical techniques have improved outcomes while minimizing morbidity. High-volume multidisciplinary centers consistently demonstrate lower rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism.
Conclusion: Successful management of pediatric thyroid disorders requires multidisciplinary collaboration involving pediatric endocrinologists, pediatric surgeons, endocrine surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. Contemporary management emphasizes individualized surgical care, precision diagnostics, and risk-adapted follow-up.
Keywords: Pediatric Thyroid Surgery; Thyroid Nodules; Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma; Graves’ Disease; Congenital Thyroid Disorders; Thyroidectomy; Molecular Diagnostics; RET Fusion; NTRK Fusion; Precision Oncology; Survivorship; Pediatric Endocrine Surgery
Citation
Khatri LK, More AB, Govani PS, Zaparackaite I, More BB, Singh SJ, et al. Pediatric Surgical Thyroid Disorders: Comprehensive Review of Congenital, Benign, and Malignant Thyroid Disease with Contemporary Advances in Molecular Diagnostics, Precision Surgery, and Survivorship. WebLog J Thyroid Res. wjtr.2026.j1502. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23366693