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ARTICLE TYPE : REVIEW ARTICLE

Published on :   19 Feb 2026, Volume - 2
Journal Title :   WebLog Journal of Women’s Health | WebLog J Women's Health
Source URL:   weblog iconhttps://weblogoa.com/articles/wjwh.2026.b1905
Permanent Identifier (DOI) :  doi iconhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18820689

Pediatric Gynecological and Breast Surgical Lesions from Fetal Life to Early Adulthood: A Comprehensive Review

Zaparackaite I 1
Singh SJ 2
Bhattacharya DC 3
Correia RC 4
Mehta AR 5
Midha PK 5
Patel R 6
Patel RV 6 *
1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emergency Children’s Surgery Hospital, Entebbe/ Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK
2Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
3Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sultan Qaboos Hospital, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman, Oman
4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amadora-Sintra Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
5J. Watumull Global Hospital & Research Centre, Delwara Road, Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India
6Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGICHR and KTCGUH, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Objectives: To synthesise current evidence on congenital, developmental, infectious, neoplastic, and traumatic gynecological and breast lesions requiring surgical evaluation or intervention in girls from fetal life to 21 years, highlighting diagnostic pathways, operative indications, outcomes, and gaps in knowledge.

Design: Narrative review of published literature, clinical guidelines, and surgical series across pediatric gynecology, pediatric surgery, and adolescent medicine.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and major pediatric surgical and gynecologic society guidelines.

Eligibility Criteria: Studies describing structural, functional, or neoplastic lesions of the female genital tract or breast in patients from fetal life to 21 years, with emphasis on conditions requiring surgical assessment or intervention.

Results: Lesions span five domains: congenital anomalies (e.g., Müllerian anomalies, ovarian cysts, cloacal malformations), developmental disorders (e.g., labial adhesions, breast asymmetry), infectious/inflammatory conditions (e.g., vulvar abscess, hidradenitis suppurativa), neoplastic lesions (benign and malignant ovarian, vulvar, vaginal, and breast tumours), and traumatic/ iatrogenic injuries. Advances in fetal imaging, minimally invasive surgery, and fertility‑preserving techniques have improved outcomes, yet diagnostic delays and fragmentation of care persist.

Conclusions: Pediatric gynecological and breast surgical lesions require age‑specific diagnostic frameworks, multidisciplinary care, and long‑term follow‑up. Evidence remains limited for rare lesions, optimal timing of surgery, and long‑term reproductive and psychosocial outcomes.

Keywords: Pediatric Gynecology; Breast Surgery; Congenital Anomalies; Ovarian Cysts; Müllerian Anomalies; Adolescent Health; Minimally Invasive Surgery

Citation

Zaparackaite I, Singh SJ, Bhattacharya DC, Correia RC, Mehta AR, Midha PK, et al. Pediatric Gynecological and Breast Surgical Lesions from Fetal Life to Early Adulthood: A Comprehensive Review. WebLog J Women's Health. wjwh.2026.b1905. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18820689
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