Objectives: To synthesise current evidence on modified and extended anorectal myomectomy and transanal endosurgical procedures as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in congenital and acquired colorectal motility disordersand to clarify their role alongside manometry, radiology, and histopathology in contemporary clinical practice [1-4].

Design: Narrative review.

Data Sources: Peer-reviewed literature from PubMed,…

This manuscript describes two exceptionally rare neonatal presentations of synchronous multiple neural tube defects (NTDs), involving separate thoracolumbar, lumbar, and sacral myelomeningoceles. We report two neonates presenting with synchronous dual and triple, open and closed spinal dysraphisms—distributed across thoracolumbar, lumbar, and sacral regions— without associated cranial defects. Both infants underwent early surgical repair. Case 1 demonstrated favorable early neurological…

Background: Beedi rolling is a highly repetitive occupation characterized by prolonged static postures and forceful hand movements, making workers vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in beedi workers ranges from 34.6% to 87.0% across different populations.

Objective: To assess occupational ergonomic risk factors in beedi workers using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and…

Background: Anterior knee pain (AKP), commonly termed patellofemoral pain syndrome, represents the most prevalent lower extremity complaint in college-aged populations, affecting approximately 25% of physically active students. While quadriceps muscle weakness has been extensively characterized in patellofemoral pain pathophysiology, the role of muscle stiffness—a distinct biomechanical property reflecting tissue resistance to deformation—remains inadequately explored.…

Introduction: Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS) is a rare but potentially severe metabolic complication following parathyroidectomy, occurring mainly in patients with severe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and high bone turnover [1–3].

Case Reports: We report two cases of HBS occurring after parathyroidectomy for advanced primary hyperparathyroidism. Both patients presented with marked preoperative hypercalcemia, very high parathyroid hormone (PTH)…

Introduction Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of monogenic diabetes characterized by a primary defect in insulin secretion. It is a rare form of diabetes caused by autosomal dominant mutations, usually non-autoimmune and non-ketotic [1, 2]. The diagnosis of MODY is often overlooked in resource-limited countries, notably due to the frequent unavailability of genetic testing [3].

This study reports a series of 12 suspected MODY diabetes cases…

Median nerve injuries in pediatric patients represent a significant challenge due to their impact on hand function and fine motor development. This case report presents the rehabilitation outcomes of a seven-year-old child who sustained a traumatic injury involving the flexor pollicislongus and flexor carpi radialis muscles with associated radial artery injury and median nerve lesion. The patient underwent a structured physiotherapy program including neuromuscular electrical stimulation and…

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is an autoimmune form of diabetes situated between classical type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It typically affects older adults and progresses more slowly toward insulin dependence. We report three cases of elderly female patients presenting with inaugural diabetic ketosis revealing slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. These observations highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical features of this still poorly understood entity…

Introduction Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in several genes involved in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism [1, 2]. It is characterized by an isolated increase in LDL cholesterol and is associated with a high risk of premature cardiovascular disease [3].

This condition is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially in resource-limited countries where genetic testing is less accessible…

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of conservative/medical therapy, Lord’s anal dilatation, lateral internal sphincterotomy, posterior sphincterotomy (including modifications), anorectal myomectomy, and early transanal endosurgical procedures in the management of chronic anal fissure.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Shri M. P. Shah Medical College and the Irwin Group of Tertiary University…