A 69-year-old otherwise healthy patient, with a history of pterygium excision and an 11×6 mm conjunctival autograft secured with Tisseel fibrin glue in the left eye three months prior, presented for postoperative evaluation following phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation performed the previous day.

Corrected visual acuity was 0.3 LogMAR. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a recurrent nasal pterygium, an old corneal leukoma, and minimal corneal edema. The patient was…

We read with great interest the recently published randomized controlled trial by Krishna Prakash and Muthukrishnant Titled “Comparative Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Re-Education Versus Conventional Strengthening on Sensorimotor Control, Dynamic Knee Stability, Pain Modulation, Gait Performance, and Fall Risk in Geriatric Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis” [1].

The authors should be applauded for tackling an essential and therapeutically relevant problem in geriatric…

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a rare occurrence in routine medical practice complicating 1-3% of all pregnancies. They represent a real diagnostic challenge due to the multitude of possible etiologies, and remain unexplained in more than 50% of cases. We report the original observation of a 32-year-old Tunisian woman investigated for six recurrent early miscarriages. The investigations concluded with a dual etiology: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (free thyroxine at 6 pmol/, thyroid stimulating…

Youth crime is a growing national concern in Uganda, reflecting global patterns and country-specific social and economic pressures. This article presents the first comprehensive national overview of youth and juvenile crime from 2017–2024, drawing on Uganda Police Annual Crime Reports, JLOS data reports, and complementary statistical sources. Offences committed by young people aged 12–18 and 18–30 including theft, drug and substance abuse, assault, burglary, robbery, and sexual violence have…

Classical microbiology has long relied on discrete categories to define bacterial species, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance. However, comparative genomics of neglected species reveals the limitations of these rigid frameworks. Using Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum as a paradigm, we argue that these concepts are better understood as functional constructs that depend on genomic, ecological, and clinical contexts rather than fixed biological entities. This perspective challenges…

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis widely prevalent in countries along the ancient Silk Road and around the Mediterranean. Endocrine complications are uncommon in this vasculitis. Non-corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus remains exceptional in BD. We report three cases of BD associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 in three Tunisian patients. They are two women and a man aged 42, 37, and 48 years old respectively with mean body mass index at 22.33 kg/m². Diabetes occurred at…

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), located in the thalamus, serves as the brain’s primary relay for visual information from the retina to the cortex [1,2]. It is organized into three main cellular subsystems: magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P), and koniocellular (K) layers, each processing different visual features [3]. Magnocellular neurons (M cells) are large, fast-conducting cells specialized for detecting motion, luminance contrast, and low spatial frequency information— critical…

Background: Excess fat may be the major cause of atherosclerosis, aging, and death.

Methods: Sickle cell diseases (SCD) patients were studied.

Results: We studied 222 males and 212 females (30.8 vs 30.3 years of age, p>0.05, respectively). Smoking (23.8% vs 6.1%, p<0.001), alcohol (4.9% vs 0.4%, p<0.001), transfused red blood cells (RBC) in their lives (48.1 vs 28.5 units, p=0.000), disseminated teeth losses (5.4% vs…

Background: Throw ball is popular women’s team sports that indicates a need for repetitive overhead throwing sudden directional changes jumping and high velocity acceleration –deceleration movements. These sports has specific physical requirement increase the risk of my skeletal problem, specifically among young female athletes. Even in the presence of growing participation women in throw ball, there is restricted literature addressing the prevalence of my skeletal problems…

Background: Diastatic recti abdominis (DRA), defined as the abdominis muscles along the linea alba, is a common postpartum musculoskeletal condition. The mode of delivery may impact both its prevalence and severity, division of rectus affecting core stability, functional capacity and quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the prevalence and severity of DRA among postpartum women following vaginal delivery and caesarean…