Background: Pregnancy and childbirth induce profound physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that frequently result in musculoskeletal discomfort, reduced physical fitness, and pelvic floor dysfunction. Evidence suggests that approximately 50-70% of pregnant women experience pregnancy-related musculoskeletal disorders, with lower back pain being the most prevalent. Antenatal and postnatal physiotherapy has emerged as a scientifically supported, cost-effective…

Two cases had blunt scrotal trauma that led to large hematocele and Ultrasound confirmed that tunica vaginalis was intact. Both patients were offered conservative treatment, which included bed rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and antibiotics. One patient reported significant comorbidities and had surgery at a private hospital and the other one tolerated conservative treatment but experienced a significant disability and was away from work for six weeks. We suggest that patients be…

Recurrent miscarriages are a rare occurrence in routine medical practice (1-3% of pregnancies) and represent a significant diagnostic challenge.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid disorder during pregnancy (3-5% of pregnant women) and can be responsible for several obstetric complications such as miscarriage, preterm birth, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and increased perinatal mortality. SCH remains an exceptional and still controversial cause…

Objectives: To synthesise current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches in osteoporosis, with emphasis on recent advances in risk stratification, imaging, and pharmacological management such as anabolic therapies, vitamin D analogues such as alfacalcidol, and emerging agents.

Design: Narrative review of contemporary literature, including recent clinical reviews and…

Bone fractures represent a major global health concern and are most commonly attributed to trauma, osteoporosis, metabolic disorders, or age-related degeneration. The majority of fractures heal through well-characterized biological processes, and preventive strategies typically emphasize enhancing bone strength, improving balance, and ensuring environmental safety. However, a subset of individuals experiences frequent and recurrent fractures over extended periods despite adequate nutrition…

A 52‑year‑old woman developed a febrile diarrhoeal illness during a pilgrimage in India, requiring intravenous ceftriaxone. She later experienced persistent dry cough and mediastinal lymphadenitis. Two months after returning to the UK, she developed sudden severe thoracic pain with systemic symptoms. Early investigations and non‑contrast MRI were non‑diagnostic. A focused contrast‑enhanced MRI revealed destructive T8–T9 discitis. CT‑guided biopsy confirmed Salmonella typhi. This case…

Mesenchymal Hamartoma of the Liver (MHL) is a rare benign hepatic pediatric tumor of infancy with approximately 20% of cases diagnosed during the neonatal period, typically presenting as an enlarging abdominal mass. Rare acute complications such as intralesional bleeding and infection can lead to rapid clinical deterioration. Neonatal presentation with infection, haemorrhage, and extension along the falciform ligament is exceptionally uncommon. We report a neonate who presented with sepsis…

Editorial While the opt‑out model represents an important policy shift, evidence shows that legislation alone cannot deliver the cultural and behavioural change required to increase donation rates. T he editorial argues that meaningful progress depends on strengthening public understanding, normalising family conversations, supporting clinicians in sensitive communication, and building trust through transparency and community engagement. By reframing organ donation as an…

To synthesise current evidence on professional burnout among physicians, with a focus on epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, prevention strategies, and management. The review also examines the role of work–life balance as a modifiable determinant of burnout risk.

Design: Narrative review.

Methods: A targeted literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and grey literature sources.…

Objectives: To synthesise current evidence on Bowel motility and Bladder Disorders (BBD) and menstrual disorders across early childhood through adolescence, highlighting shared pathophysiology, psychosocial determinants, and opportunities for integrated, holistic management. T he review emphasises developmental transitions, family context, and system‑level approaches relevant to paediatric and adolescent care.

Design: Narrative review of…