Panchakarma is the elimination of Bahu dosha (excessive Doshas) in Bahu ati matra (excessive amount) through the Asanna marga (nearest route), thus all Panchakarma can be viewed under Poorvakarma (pre-operative), Pradhana karma (operative) and Paschat karma (post-operative). In Ayurveda, the term "Pariksha" denotes a thorough examination or investigation intended to obtain precise information about a patient or illness. When it comes to planning Chikitsa (treatment), Koshta (the…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressively transforming medical practice, and otorhinolaryngology (ENT) is no exception. Based on the analysis of multimodal data, including imaging, endoscopy, audiometry, video, and clinical data - this specialty represents a particularly favorable field for the development of deep learning. Current applications include diagnosis, image classification, prediction, and selected therapeutic applications [1]. Large Language Models (LLMs) are also opening new…

Chronic pain in Black men remains poorly explained by biomedical models that treat tissue pathology as the primary driver of symptom severity and treatment outcome. Decades of clinical evidence document that Black men are underassessed for pain, undertreated with analgesics, disproportionately suspected of drug seeking, concentrated in occupations that accelerate joint degeneration, and served by a health workforce with limited racial concordance. These forces do not act as isolated…

Chemical fertilizer overuse in Pakistan’s wheat systems has led to low nutrient use efficiency, soil degradation, and rising input costs, while conventional biofertilizers suffer from poor storage viability and rapid field decline. This study developed and evaluated a chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite encapsulated multi-strain PGPR nano-biofertilizer to reduce chemical NPK dependency without yield penalty. The formulation was synthesized by ionic gelation and characterized for particle size,…

Deforestation and the consequent loss of biodiversity represent two of the most pressing and interlinked environmental crises of the twenty-first century. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the global patterns of forest loss, the mechanisms through which deforestation drives species extinction, and the cascading ecological, climatic, and socioeconomic consequences that ensue. Drawing upon recent empirical data, satellite analyses, and peer reviewed literature, this study…

Background: Delirium is a common to and life-threatening complication in the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit (CSICU), which is linked to a prolonged period of mechanical ventilation, a long duration of hospitalization, and cognitive impairment. Although it is becoming more apparent that structured nursing interventions may decrease the prevalence of delirium, their implementation and efficacy in the CSICU setting have not been examined…

Measles remains a major public health concern despite the availability of an effective vaccine. In Zambia, outbreaks continue to occur due to gaps in immunisation coverage, surveillance systems, and healthcare service delivery. Chasefu District has experienced recurrent measles cases despite ongoing routine immunisation programmes. This study assessed the prevalence of measles and healthcare system factors associated with its outbreak in Chasefu District, Eastern Province, Zambia. A…

Pakistan, like other emerging nations, sees farmers weighing the pros and cons before adopting BT cotton. Given its benefits to Pakistani farmers, we anticipate similar advantages for small-scale cotton producers in many other developing countries. Another lesson from Pakistan underscores the importance of domestic biotechnology research. The concurrent development of BT cotton by government researchers and its introduction by foreign firms created a strong lobby in support of this…

Despite the current advances in the field, articular cartilage defects and osteoarthritis remain a challenge in the clinic due to the fact that mature cartilage lacks blood supply, is poorly cellular and has a weak intrinsic repair response. Although conventional treatments focusing on the symptoms can alleviate pain and surgical methods can restore some function in a few lesions, regeneration of hyaline cartilage with native zonal architecture is rare. Exosomes, or small extracellular…

Synthetic biology is transforming the field of crop improvement by allowing the precise control of genetic circuits, metabolic pathways, and regulatory networks. Unlike the conventional transgenic approaches, which involve the alteration of single genes, synthetic biology involves the incorporation of multi-gene constructs, synthetic promoters, and programmable regulatory networks to control the physiological processes in crops. For instance, the engineering of photosynthetic genes such as…